A strict and balanced diet can cure diabetes. Diet for diabetes mellitus will slow down the development of the disease and have a positive effect on the patient's condition. It has to be watched all the time. The most important methods of avoiding undesirable consequences are self-discipline and a varied diabetic menu.
General recommendations
When diabetes has just started it is imperative to limit foods high in carbohydrates and sugar as these can raise blood sugar levels. However, regardless of the noted limitations, the body needs a balanced intake of useful components. In this case, doctors prescribe a dietary meal for the patient. Failure to adhere to a diet can have a negative impact on your health. Of course, the prescribed medication must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes put together by a doctor will only improve the physical condition.
To control hunger, you need to eat often - at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
There are principles of diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. If you have first degree obesity, it is better to give preference to vegetables and fruits instead of flour or fatty foods. It makes more sense to season salads with olive oil with the addition of a few drops of lemon. To accelerate the metabolic processes of the liver, low-fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal and lean fish should be included in the diet. It is better to prepare vegetable broths from the first courses. You should wait with meat broths or cook soups on a secondary broth. Need to limit the consumption of eggs, potatoes, corn. If there are, then very few and rarely. As for salt, the recommended serving per day is less than half a teaspoon. And it is desirable that it was sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact is that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes mellitus and the category to which the person belongs: in children, in pregnant women, in people requiring insulin or in the onset of diabetes, the diet varies. While general nutritional principles apply to all categories, each of them requires a different approach in this regard.
Simple food is the best diet for conceiving with concomitant diabetes.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, i. e. people who need insulin, should consist of foods rich in protein and fiber. You need to limit your intake of salt, fat, fast carbohydrates and foods that are gastrointestinal irritants and also contain sugar.
In contrast to diabetes with insulin maintenance, the diet in type II diabetes mellitus helps to reduce the calorie content of food and normalize the metabolism. With excessive blood sugar, such a diet affects the reduction. The same diet will serve during the onset of diabetes. A pregnant woman's diet should be as balanced as possible without harming the baby. The best diet for an expectant mother is simple food.
About the glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of the products determines how many useful components are converted into energy for the body. And the glycemic index of food shows how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed while blood sugar levels rise. Therefore, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, you should eat foods with a low glycemic index, as the carbohydrates available in them have time to be absorbed by the body and evenly distributed in it. And the carbohydrates in foods with such a high percentage contribute to the deposition of fat because they don't have time to completely convert themselves to energy.
In addition to the number of calories, the value of the glycemic index of various foods can be determined from tables on a scale from 0 to 100. However, in order to plan a diet effectively, you need to consider a number of factors that affect the change in calorie content and glycemic index. The most important are:
Cooking in a slow cooker is one of the acceptable ways to reheat food.
- Cooking method. The glycemic index of foods increases with heat treatment, especially when fried. Products should be baked, boiled, or cooked in a slow cooker.
- Fiber properties. Eating the peels of fruits, grains, and beans slows the breakdown of glucose and prevents the glycemic index from rising.
- The ripeness of fruits and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the more calories it is.
What can you eat
The early stages of diabetes cannot be complicated if dietary treatment is strictly followed.
Here is a list of foods that can add as much variety to your daily meal plan as possible:
- Soups based on vegetable broths, as well as low-fat meat starters 1-2 times a week;
- Whole wheat and bran bread;
- boiled, steamed or baked chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- maximum dietary boiled seafood and low-fat fish: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- Buckwheat, porridge, oatmeal;
- low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg per day;
- Vegetables and unsweetened fruits;
- homemade sauces made from vegetables and dairy products;
- Desserts and dishes for diabetics;
- All tea, coffee with milk, herbal teas (especially with the addition of rose hips), juices made from fresh unsweetened fruits.
What shouldn't be consumed?
People with high blood sugar do not eat pasta.
The foods that are not recommended for diabetics are listed below:
- high calorie desserts and pastries;
- Chocolate and cocoa;
- Jam, jam and honey;
- high-sugar fresh and dried fruits such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- Fatty meat dishes;
- Animal fat;
- Pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned;
- Dairy products high in fat and sugar;
- alcoholic drinks.
How can damage be compensated?
Delicious and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetes menu. But harmful products need the right substitute. Diabetic food is the simplest alternative. Options for replacing banned products can be found both on the shelves of normal grocery stores and in specialized stores. The table shows which healthy foods can replace the forbidden ones.
| Prohibited food | What to replace |
|---|---|
| White flour bread | Peeled rye bread |
| Sweets and desserts | Fruits from trees and bushes, desserts for diabetics |
| Animal fat | Vegetable oils |
| Fat meat and cheese | Lean meat, avocado |
| cream | Low fat dairy products |
Table number 9
The diet involves drinking about 2 liters of water a day.
According to diet number 9, no more than 2, 400 calories are allowed per day. Converted to grams, this corresponds to 85 g protein, 80 g vegetable fats and 300 g carbohydrates. If diabetes mellitus is suspected, the diet should be physiologically balanced.
With diabetes and types 1 and 2, the daily water intake should be 2-3 liters at 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended that you only use purified water that is free from pathogenic microbes and bacteria.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration / dehydration. For a diabetic, the loss of 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
In addition to clean water, diabetics can also use "mineral water". However, it can be different. Table-top versions with a mineralization of up to 1 g per liter can be drunk without restrictions. They contain safe amounts of minerals. Eating "mineral water" stimulates digestion and improves the absorption of insulin. Before use, open the bottle and wait for the gases to "escape" from it.
Sample menu
A diabetic's diet should be varied.
The best solution is to make a menu for a week or a month in advance. But for starters, you can get by with a menu for every day. Most diabetic recipes should be selected when composing the menu. You can also put together a weekly menu from the usual dishes. Proper daily diet increases your chances of recovery. Below is a sample menu for Diabetes Mellitus.
| meal | dishes |
|---|---|
| breakfast | Vegetable salad, buckwheat or oatmeal, cottage cheese, boiled fish |
| First snack | Fruits, steamed vegetables, compotes |
| dinner | Vegetable, fish, mushroom soup, fish soup; boiled meat, cereal garnish |
| Afternoon snack | Fruit or vegetable salad, cheesecake, tea |
| dinner | Steamed chops, vegetable stew |
| Second dinner | Kefir, milk, yogurt |
Main meals
A diabetic's breakfast should be hearty, but it is not worth overeating and consuming heavy foods, which include cereals and legumes, with the exception of buckwheat and oatmeal. You can prepare salads, mousses from fruits, berries and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basis for a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour cream sauce are a good starter.
A good lunch for diabetics is mushroom, vegetable, grain or bean soups cooked in meat broth. You can eat porridge with salad or schnitzel as the main course. The best salad dressings are olive, linseed or cedarwood oils, which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. With lactic acid products and delicious fruits you can have a snack in between.
Dinner should be light and nutritious. It is better to prepare a dish that is mainly composed of proteins. Healthy lentils combined with vegetables or salads from them are suitable for dinner for a patient with diabetes. If you want to eat late, you can have a glass of warm milk, fermented baking milk, or low-fat cottage cheese before bed.
Other diet tables for diabetes
Table 8 is the best diet for obese people with diabetes. However, this diet is prescribed in the absence of any heart disease and gastrointestinal disease. The goal of the diet is weight loss. The consumption of salt and appetizing foods is minimized. You also don't need to drink more than 1. 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows you to eat no more than 1, 700 calories per day. That's 80 g of protein, 70 g of fats (one third of which is vegetable), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Doctors recommend mastering the 5th table for patients with diabetes and comorbidities of the liver and biliary tract. The diet excludes fatty and fried foods, foods containing cholesterol, essential oils, and oxalic acid. It is allowed to bake or cook food, you can stew, but in exceptional cases. This diet promotes digestive tract normalization, rejuvenation, and slows down the development of diabetes.
With a diet table number 10, you have to avoid fatty foods.
For diabetics with heart disease a diet according to diet 10. The developed table 10 serves to normalize the blood flow, the heart rate and the restoration of the metabolic processes in diabetics. Diet for diabetics prohibits fatty, salty foods, foods that are irritating to the nervous, circulatory and gastrointestinal tracts. Instead, you need to eat foods fortified with iodine, potassium, and magnesium.
You can experiment with recipes by adding certain ingredients as you wish.
Healthy recipes
Vegetable snack
Cut 400 g white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium-sized onions and 3 fresh peppers into large slices. The resulting ingredients need to be simmered over a little vegetable oil and medium heat for a short time. Served as a separate dish. Goes well with poultry and veal or with baked fish. Season to taste.
Baked cabbage pancakes
Cut off half a kilogram of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, green onions, 1 tablespoon of kefir, 1 egg, 50 g of lightly salted cheese, 1 tablespoon of bran, flour (to the consistency of sour cream). Mix the resulting ingredients and put them in a cold place for 30 minutes. Next, spread the pancakes on a baking sheet and bake at 180 degrees until golden brown.